字体设计基础（18）字距调整

Kerning. Knowledge about kerning will give a deeper understanding of type. However, forget about kerning for now, spend your time on other things. It's much more important to properly space your characters.

字距调整的知识会让你对字体的理解更进一步。但我们现在先暂时把它忘记，先花点时间看看另外的东西。如果你想正确的设置字符间距，这个要重要得多。

A kerning pair is a technical issue for optical reasons. Simply said: when one certain character is followed by another character you can define a different space in between these two characters. This space can vary from the the normal spacing (right sidebearing of the first character + left sidebearing of the second character). The difference can be positive or negative; you can add more space for a certain combination or you can reduce the space. A kerning pair can technically be implemented in a digital font file.

字距配对（kerning pair）是一种因视觉需要而做的技术处理。简单说，在两个特定的字符连排的时候，你可以为它们单独指定与众不同的字符间距。这个间距可以不同于标准间距（前一个字符的右部安全空间+后一个字符的左部安全空间）。这个间距可以是正的也可以是负的，你可以为某个字符对设置更多或更少的空间。数字化的字库文件中可以实现这种字距配对。

In some cases kerning is inevitable and necessary. When a capital 'A' is followed by a lowercase 'v', a big white space will appear which cannot be solved by adapting the spacing of the characters. Changing the spacing would mess it up when they would be combined with other characters again. For this occasion a kerning pair is needed (see drawing). In the sketch you only see some examples where the kerning pair is negative; reducing space. But you can also imagine a positive kerning pair when a 'f' is followed by a bracket for example; "f)". More space has to be added to avoid those characters overlapping eachother.

有些场合这种字距调整是必不可少的。当一个大写A后面跟随一个小写v的时候，两个字符间就会出现巨大的白空间，这是普通的字符间距所无法解决的。如果改变它们的间距，它们和其他字母连排的时候就会挤成一团。这时候就需要字距配对来处理了（如图）。图中只出现了字距配对为负的例子——缩减空间。但你可以想象一个字距配对为正的例子：一个小写f后跟随一个括号，例如：“f)”。这时候就需要加入更多的间距以避免两个字符重叠在一起。